2 Tricks to get your Symfony configs lines to minimum

2024-06-10

But before we start with renovation, we need stable building foundations. That means we have configs in PHP, we use Generated Configs and load() to register services.

Any Symfony service config
can be narrowed down under 5 lines.

Do you still have configs with more than 10 lines? Or more than 100 or 200... lines? We can do better. I'll share 2 techniques I've been using for the past couple of years to achieve the best architecture with the fewest lines.

When Tesla narrowed down 171 pieces to 2, it made their whole build process extremely simpler.
The same way we narrow down config lines, so we can focus on the code itself.

1. From named Services to Unique Types

In Symfony 2.8 times, it was expected to make up string names for services to pass them as arguments to other services:

$services->set('app.data_analyser', DataAnalyser::class);

$services->set('app.homepage_controller', HomepageController::class)
    ->arg('$dataAnalyser', 'app.data_analyser');

From Symfony 3.0, there is no real need, as every service is either unique, e.g., our DataAnalyser, or a collected type, e.g., event subscribers.

Remove service names, so their references are autowired by unique type:

-$services->set('app.data_analyser', DataAnalyser::class);
+$services->set(DataAnalyser::class);

-$services->set('app.homepage_controller', HomepageController::class)
-    ->arg('$dataAnalyser', 'app.data_analyser');
+$services->set(HomepageController::class);

This way, you can clear most of the useless code in our configs. It's a clear path for a single unique type.

But what if we have multiple instances of the same type?

$services->set('app.data_analyser', DataAnalyser::class)
    ->arg('$scope', 'production');

$services->set('app.dev_data_analyser', DataAnalyser::class)
    ->arg('$scope', 'dev');

We have to use string names so we can pass these services to different locations:

$services->set(HomepageController::class);
    ->arg('$dataAnalyser', 'app.data_analyser');

$services->set(AnalyseCommand::class);
    ->arg('$dataAnalyser', 'app.dev_data_analyser');

But do we? This is a typical factory pattern. We create multiple instances of the same type but with different values in the __construct().

Avoid Factory coding in Configs

Configs are not the place to use a factory pattern. The HomepageController will always accept the same to DataAnalyser instance, and the AnalyseCommand will always accept a different DataAnalyser instance.

What can we see reading the config?

• there is a constant amount of instances of the same service - in our case 2 services of DataAnalyser type
• they need a made-up string name to be unique
• they're always used as arg explicitly in the same places
• there are no other services with the same parent type passed to the constructor
• it hides the project architecture from the PHP class itself to the config

I see it as a misapplication of the factory pattern for config coding.

What is the way out?

Make DataAnalyser abstract and create unique child types:

final class AppDataAnalyser extends DataAnalyser
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct('production');
    }
}

final class DevDataAnalyser extends DataAnalyser
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        parent::__construct('dev');
    }
}

Now we have 2 unique instances, defined in PHP code, outside the config. These services are now:

• independent on the config
• autowireable by the exact type
• easier to reuse across other frameworks

We can typehint them in the controllers:

 final class HomepageController
 {
     public function __construct(
-        private DataAnalyser $dataAnalyser,
+        private AppDataAnalyser $dataAnalyser,
     ) {
     }
 }

And we can clear up our configs from all the code we've used:

-$services->set('app.data_analyser', DataAnalyser::class)
-    ->arg('$scope', 'production');
-
-$services->set('app.dev_data_analyser', DataAnalyser::class)
-    ->arg('$scope', 'dev');
-
-$services->set(HomepageController::class);
-    ->arg('$dataAnalyser', 'app.dev_data_analyser');
-
-$services->set(AnalyseCommand::class);
-    ->arg('$dataAnalyser', 'app.data_analyser');

This approach is highly effective in making configs tight and application design robust.

2. From manual binding to #[Autowire] attribute

Autowiring by type is quite familiar to you. But sometimes, we need to pass a scalar value, like a route name or API key:

$services = $containerConfigurator->services();

$services->set(DataAnalyser::class)
    ->arg('$environment', '%kernel.environment%')
    ->arg('$secret', '%env(LOGGER_SECRET)%');

For every single scalar line, our config is 1 line longer. 1 dangerous line that depends on vague argument order or name.

PHP 8.0 Attributes to the Rescue

The #[Autowire] feature was added in Symfony 6.1. At first, I was hesitant to move the logic to the service itself. The configuration should be in the config file, right?

After few experiments, I changed my mind. Services now clearly define their dependencies; we don't have to jump back and forth to the config file to learn about them.

To autowire a param in your service, add Autowire and pass param or env named argument value:

+use \Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Attribute\Autowire;

 final readonly class DataAnalyser
 {
     public __construct(
+        #[Autowire(param: 'kernel.environment')]
         private $environment,
+        #[Autowire(env: 'LOGGER_SECRET')]
         private $loggerSecret,
     ) {
     }
 }

Once we autowire params in the services, we can eliminate manual registrations. We can go even further and drop the services line itself, as we already register all services via load():

 $services = $containerConfigurator->services();

-$services->set(DataAnalyser::class)
-    ->arg('$environment', '%kernel.environment%')
-    ->arg('$secret', '%env(LOGGER_SECRET)%');

That's it! As a bonus, such attribute-based code can be also analysed by static analysis. We can create a PHPStan rule, that checks if parameter/env is defined and warns us early in the CI.

Happy coding!

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