How to write open-source in PHP 2: Rise value of your package with help of skeleton

• Sep, 2016
• Updated Feb, 2021
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• Found a typo? Edit me

Other programmers who want to use your package are usually looking for long term value. To estimate the value they need to answer 4 important questions.

1. What is quality of package?
2. Does it solve my issue?
3. Is it trustworthy?
4. How well maintained is it?

Even if you know your code is the best and the cleanest, if they don't trust you, they will never use it.

I will let you think about them a little bit. We will relate with specific files to them in second part of this article.

Use solid skeleton → start solid brand

Now, the first step that can positively influence all the 4 answers is using a skeleton with prepared metadata files. Guys from The PHP League already did the job for you and created a skeleton package.

How to get Skeleton code to your local Repository in 4 steps

1. Go to repository on Github and click on Clone or download
2. Then Download a ZIP
3. Unzip the zip file to your local repository

4. And push new files to Github

   git add .
   git commit -m "add metadata files"
   git push origin master

Great for start, yet obsolete later

This skeleton is great for start and to learn about metadata files.

But when I create my package now, I just copy the most recent package I made, delete /src and /tests directories and I'm ready to roll. This is because:

• I upgrade my packages more often then some skeleton package
• and because my preferences and required code are evolving
  • e.g. A new PHP version is out, I tune my continuous integration (CI) setup etc.

What is the Purpose of these Files?

Now we look on every directory and file and how it's related to the 4 key questions. Just to remind you, the end user is interested in:

1. Quality - What is quality of package?
2. Usability - Does it solve my issue? Is it easy to use?
3. Trust - Is it trustworthy?
4. Maintenance - How well maintained is it?

/src directory

Meaning

• all your PHP source code will go here

Profit

• musthave :)

/tests directory

Meaning

• all tests for your code in /src
• basically 1:1 mirror, just every file has Test suffix, e.g.
  • src/Cleaner.php
  • tests/CleanerTest.php

Profit

• Quality: tested code is perceived better quality
• Trust: I don't have to hope that code works, I can trust the code

.gitattributes

Meaning

• here are all files that are ignored by composer (using the export-ignore attribute)
• when somebody will install your package via composer require you/your-package, they won't get these files downloaded to /vendor directory
• usually its metadata files and tests, because application of end user does not need them

Profit

• Usability: Since your package save some internet traffic and space on hard drives, it's a bit more usable.

.gitignore

Meaning

• here are files, that you will have locally but won't be uploaded to the remote git repository
• for packages ignore composer.lock, for applications rather not - on Stackoverflow you can find more detailed answer
• also /vendor is there, as dependencies are installed by composer

Profit

• Trust: Without this I would not trust you know anything about open-source.

ecs.php

Meaning

• config for Easy Coding Standard - the easiest tool for coding standard
• it checks code to keep it in one compatible coding standard format

Profit

• Quality: coders can contribute in any format their like and the coding standard tool will take care of it for them

phpstan.neon

Meaning

• configuration for PHPStan - the best static analyzer to PHP
• it run on every commit, checking obvious mistakes for you, like call on possible null

Profit

• Trust: you and your contributors can stop thinking about detailed code and go a relax - everyone can contribute easily
• Quality: tested code is perceived better quality

composer.json

• list of dependencies
• configuration for Packagist, where you need to add your package, so it can be installed by others
• to enable it, you have to:
  • go there
  • add repository
  • go to settings of package, Integration and services and Add Service
  • select "Packagist" and add your name and token from your user profile

LICENSE

Meaning

• license goes here
• it's important to have it as every country has different default approach, when this file is missing
• MIT is the easiest to understand open-source license

Profit

• Usability: With licence, I know what I can do with the code. Usually everything.

phpunit.xml

Meaning

• configuration for PHPUnit - testing tool
• this can be used either by end user or Travis

Profit

• Usability: I can run vendor/bin/phpunit with no manual configuration. It makes life easy.

README

Meaning

• last but the most important - your welcome article for user
• THE MOST IMPORTANT FILE IN THE PACKAGE!
• Don't worry. We'll talk about writing a good readme later.

Profit

• Usability: If I understand the usage, I can rely to the issue I want to solve.
• Trust: Having code quality, Travis and coverage badges helps to identify the quality of the package.

So that are all files and their purpose.

No time! Fast! Now! → Tell your story with an image

Today people are scanning the text rather then actually reading. That's why badges are so important!

Look on these 2 - what information can we get?

• Test are passing - GOOD
• There is stable tag with "?" coverage - CONFUSING
• Master has 89% test coverage - GOOD
• Last version is probably 2.5, but not sure. Do they update manually? - CONFUSING
• Why is master promoted on first place? Should I use that? - CONFUSING

From Doctrine2 repository.

• Test are passing - GOOD
• Code quality is 10 - GOOD
• Code coverage 93% test coverage - GOOD
• It has 166 downloads. Here it depends on the age of package. → Go check release date! - GOOD
• It's tagged and has stable version. - GOOD

What have we Done Today?

• Where to go when starting a new repository.
• What is the purpose meta files.
• How to enable online services that help us to build better code.

What's next?

• We'll peek on coding standards.
• How do releases work a what is semantic versioning.
• How to pick min PHP version and package versions in composer.

Happy coding!