How we Completed Thousands of Missing @var Annotations in a Day

2019-07-29

This post has 2 parts:

• 1st is about how we use other parts of class to infer @var types of used properties - good for analytical thinking and pattern-algorithms
• 2nd is about how to do it yourself - good for your project

The latter part increased the @var annotation count from 1790 to 4418.

Here you can see the whole process in real-time:

So what will you do when you see property like this?

<?php

class ProductController
{
    private $productRepository;
}

1. From Constructor Injection Assign

This is the most common case in most projects:

<?php

class ProductController
{
    private $productRepository;

    public function __construct(ProductRepository $productRepository)
    {
        // ah, it's a "ProductRepository"
        $this->productRepository = $productRepository;
    }
}

2. From setUp Assign in Tests

The next biggest group of missing @var annotations was in tests. Instead of __construct we havesetUp:

<?php

class BuilderTest extends TestCase
{
    private $factory;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        // ah, it's a "Builder"
        $this->factory = new Builder;
    }
}

3. From Assign in Constructor

Sometimes constructor is for setting default values:

<?php

class HomeController
{
    private $maxNumberOfGirlfriends;

    public function __construct()
    {
        // ah, it's an "int"
        $this->maxNumberOfGirlfriends = 1;
    }
}

So far quite simple, right? 3 files are ok, but imagine doing this for 2500+ properties 🧠🤯

4. From Setters and Getters

Some object don't have constructor injection, or are missing the information there, e.g.:

<?php

class Product
{
    private $name;

    public function __construct($name)
    {
         $this->name = $name;
    }
}

How can we know, what is $name? Well, we don't. Statical analysis can't help here, we can only guess and maybe crash the production code. To solve cases like this we need dynamical analysis - data are much better and solid than "probability guessing" of static analysis. Don't worry, I'll write about it in the future with a case study.

But what about this code:

<?php

class Product
{
    private $name;

    public function __construct($name)
    {
         $this->name = $name;
    }

    public function getName(): string
    {
        // now we know it's a "string"
        return $this->name;
    }
}

Although it could be also non-string value:

<?php

$product = new Product(5); // this passes without error

But the working code getName(): string says it must be string, so we can rely on it.

Also, this is just @var annotation not typed properties, so the change cannot break anything.

5. From Nullables

Let's take this one step further. Also, let's be more realistic - there are barely any type declarations (PHP 7.0+) out there, so we have to take annotations into account:

<?php

class Product
{
    private $name;

    /**
     * @param string $name
     */
    public function __construct($name = null)
    {
         $this->name = $name;
    }

    /**
     * @param $name
     */
    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }
}

What types can be in $name?

There is a type string everywhere, so probably string. But what happens in this case?

<?php

$product = new Product();

The $name will be actually null. So this is final correct code change:

 <?php

 class Product
 {
+     /**
+      * @var string|null
+      */
      private $name;
 }

6. From Default Value

Before we get into Doctrine entities, let's get relaxed with a simple case:

<?php

class Victim
{
     private $name = 'Tomas';

     public function getName()
     {
         return $this->name;
     }
}

I don't have to tell you the $name property is always string.

7. From all the Other Assigns

What if we have no constructor, no getters, no setters, no default values... are we lost?

This actually happens more often than you think. Take this as just an example, in reality it could be much better, but is often much worse:

<?php

class ProductController
{
    private $activeProduct;

    /**
     * @var ProductRepository
     */
    private $productRepository;

    public function default($id = null)
    {
        if ($id) {
            $this->activeProduct = $this->productRepository->get($id);
        } else {
            $this->activeProduct = $this->productRepository->getMainProduct();
        }

        // ...
    }
}

This is hell to do manually. Not in 5 lines-long method, but in 30, 60 or even 100 lines in one method (don't forget you have to deliver feature and don't have paid time to play with stupid useless @var annotation).

The process has just 2 step:

• go through all $this->activeProduct = X
• resolve type for the X expression

And that's it:

 <?php

 class ProductController
 {
+    /**
+     * @var Product
+     */
     private $activeProduct;

     // ...
 }

We could argue if the $activeProduct could be also null. It can, but in our case base it never was. But if you find such a case that is invalid for your code, please report an issue to improve this Rector rule.

8. From Doctrine Column Annotations

Missing Doctrine annotations are hard to spot, because there is always some annotation. Just not the one we need:

<?php

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

/**
 * @ORM\Entity
 */
class Product
{
    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="text", nullable=true)
     */
    private $content;
}

Pretty easy, right?

 /**
  * @ORM\Column(type="text", nullable=true)
+ * @var text|null
  */
  private $content;

Ups, not so fast. Database types and PHP scalar types are not 1:1 compatible. To pick a few: longblob, decimal, set, time or year (mini-quiz: int or DateTimeInterface)?

string is the correct choice here:

 /**
  * @ORM\Column(type="text", nullable=true)
+ * @var string|null
  */
  private $content;

9. From Doctrine Relation Annotations

Let's finish with the most complex case, yet brutally common. What do we mean by Doctrine Relation annotations?

<?php

class Product
{
    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToMany(targetEntity="App\Entity\Storage")
     */
    private $storage;

    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="App\Entity\Category", inversedBy="products")
     * @ORM\JoinColumn(name="category_id", referencedColumnName="id", nullable=true)
     */
    private $category;
}

The docblock looks full and rich for useful content, so it's hard to spot the missing @var in there.

You probably know, that OneToMany and ManyToMany are not just an array of objects, but also Doctrine\Common\Collections\Collection.

So what @var we'd add here?

 <?php

 class Product
 {
     /**
      * @ORM\ManyToMany(targetEntity="App\Entity\Storage")
+     * @var \App\Entity\Storage[]|\Doctrine\Common\Collections\Collection
      */
     private $storage;

     /**
      * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="App\Entity\Category", inversedBy="products")
      * @ORM\JoinColumn(name="category_id", referencedColumnName="id", nullable=true)
+     * @var \App\Entity\Category|null
      */
     private $category;
 }

That's it! Did you find any more cases that we forgot? Share with us in the comments.

Now the 2nd practical part - your project ↓

Do It Yourself

All above is not limited just to our project. You can use it too!

I'll guide you from step zero to final merge of pull-request, so the gif will not be just a picture, but a real change in your project.

Install Rector + ECS

composer require rector/rector --dev
composer require symplify/easy-coding-standard --dev
composer require slevomat/coding-standard --dev

Run ECS to check missing @var annotations at properties

use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator\ContainerConfigurator;
use Symplify\EasyCodingStandard\ValueObject\Option;

return function (ContainerConfigurator $containerConfigurator): void {
    $services = $containerConfigurator->services();
    // every property should have @var annotation
    $services->set(SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff::class);

    $parameters = $containerConfigurator->parameters();
    $parameters->set(Option::SKIP, [
        //  this part is needed, because `TypeHintDeclarationSniff` is actually mix of 7 rules we don't need
        // (they also delete code, so be sure to have this section here)
        'SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff.UselessDocComment' => null,
        'SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff.MissingTraversablePropertyTypeHintSpecification' => null,
        'SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff.MissingTraversableReturnTypeHintSpecification' => null,
        'SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff.MissingTraversableParameterTypeHintSpecification' => null,
        'SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff.MissingParameterTypeHint' => null,
        'SlevomatCodingStandard\Sniffs\TypeHints\TypeHintDeclarationSniff.MissingReturnTypeHint' => null,
    ]);
};

Run coding standard on your code:

vendor/bin/ecs check src tests

↓

2 500 errors? Not a problem.

1. Configure Rector

use Rector\TypeDeclaration\Rector\Property\PropertyTypeDeclarationRector;
use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;

return function (RectorConfig $rectorConfig): void {
    $rectorConfig->rule(PropertyTypeDeclarationRector::class);
};

2. Run Rector to fix your code

vendor/bin/rector process src tests

Then run coding standard again, to see how useful Rector was:

vendor/bin/ecs check src tests

• 0 errors? Congrats and enjoy your vacation :)

• 1+ errors? Create an issue with missed PHP code snippet. We'll look at it and add support for it to Rector if possible.

I hope you'll find this useful as we did!

Happy coding!

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